Potencial del Séptimo Programa Marco de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico -7pm- en el fomento de la colaboración internacional para el desarrollo entre Colombia y la Unión Europea en materia científica y tecnológica

Es preciso que Colombia se muestre ante la U.E como un socio estratégico para el desarrollo de sus intereses científicos y tecnológicos, lo cual es posible exhibiendo importantes resultados en el Séptimo Programa Marco (7PM), tanto en el número de proyectos avalados como en la excelencia contenida en los mismos. Esto conducirá a fortalecer la dinámica de colaboración internacional en CyT entre estos dos actores.Colombia must play a remarkable role during the period of the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), which promotes investigation worldwide, through both the presentation of several different proposals and its quality in terms of European standards, in order to strengthen the international cooperation for the scientific and technological development with the European Union

Incidencia de la reforma al sistema de transferencias Acto legislativo 01 de 2001 en el sistema educativo Colombiano Álvaro Manuel Manrique Flórez; director Germán Puentes González

La presente monografía busca analizar la relación existente entre la reforma al sistema de transferencias (Acto Legislativo 01 de 2001) y el panorama que ha tenido el Sistema Educativo Colombiano en materia de calidad y cobertura en los últimos siete años. Por lo tanto se pretende examinar desde un caso en concreto el nexo entre la política fiscal y la política social del país como también la incidencia de lo anterior en los ciudadanos. Para el desarrollo de dicho propósito se trazan tres objetivos en concreto: describir el sistema educativo colombiano a la luz de las participaciones territoriales; analizar la incidencia del Acto Legislativo 01 de 2001 en la cobertura del sistema educativo colombiano y, por último, analizar la incidencia del Acto Legislativo 01 de 2001 en la calidad del sistema educativo colombiano. Así las cosas, cada uno de estos objetivos conforman en su orden un capítulo en el presente trabajo de manera tal que en el primero se esboza un panorama general sobre la evolución que ha tenido la educación en el país, observando la importancia que tuvo en ello la Constitución de 1991 a partir del desarrollo de bases axiomáticas, legales y administrativas, mientras que el segundo y tercer capítulo son la médula del trabajo ya que desarrollan la hipótesis y aterrizan en la praxis la tensión que generó la reforma legal en cuestión en el desarrollo de la cobertura y la calidad del sistema educativ

Incidencia de la reforma al sistema de transferencias Acto legislativo 01 de 2001 en el sistema educativo Colombiano Álvaro Manuel Manrique Flórez; director Germán Puentes González

La presente monografía busca analizar la relación existente entre la reforma al sistema de \ud transferencias (Acto Legislativo 01 de 2001) y el panorama que ha tenido el Sistema \ud Educativo Colombiano en materia de calidad y cobertura en los últimos siete años. Por \ud lo tanto se pretende examinar desde un caso en concreto el nexo entre la política fiscal y \ud la política social del país como también la incidencia de lo anterior en los ciudadanos. \ud Para el desarrollo de dicho propósito se trazan tres objetivos en concreto: \ud describir el sistema educativo colombiano a la luz de las participaciones territoriales; \ud analizar la incidencia del Acto Legislativo 01 de 2001 en la cobertura del sistema \ud educativo colombiano y, por último, analizar la incidencia del Acto Legislativo 01 de \ud 2001 en la calidad del sistema educativo colombiano. Así las cosas, cada uno de estos \ud objetivos conforman en su orden un capítulo en el presente trabajo de manera tal que en \ud el primero se esboza un panorama general sobre la evolución que ha tenido la educación \ud en el país, observando la importancia que tuvo en ello la Constitución de 1991 a partir \ud del desarrollo de bases axiomáticas, legales y administrativas, mientras que el segundo y \ud tercer capítulo son la médula del trabajo ya que desarrollan la hipótesis y aterrizan en la \ud praxis la tensión que generó la reforma legal en cuestión en el desarrollo de la cobertura \ud y la calidad del sistema educativ

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit